IATROGENIC MANDIBULAR FRACTURE AFTER EXTRACTION OF THIRD MOLARS: RISK FACTORS AND PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES

Abstract

Iatrogenic mandibular fracture is a rare but clinically relevant complication associated with extraction of mandibular third molars. Despite the low incidence, its occurrence can result in serious functional and aesthetic consequences, requiring complex surgical interventions and negatively impacting the patient's quality of life. This article aims to review the main risk factors involved in this intercurrence, as well as the preventive strategies that should be adopted during the planning and execution of the surgical procedure. The analysis of the literature shows that variables such as advanced age, presence of impacted teeth, bone resorption, excessive osteotomy, and application of inadequate forces during tooth extraction significantly increase the risk of fracture. In addition, the use of appropriate imaging tests, such as panoramic radiography and CT scans, and the application of minimally invasive techniques, such as odontosection and controlled osteotomy, are among the main preventive measures. It is concluded that the previous identification of anatomical and technical risk factors, combined with the judicious use of conservative surgical strategies, is essential to prevent this type of complication and ensure patient safety.