ADVANCES IN THE USE OF BIOMARKERS IN THE EVALUATION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN GERIATRIC CATS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/isevmjv3n6-010Keywords:
Felines, Renal function, BiomarkersAbstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of biomarkers in the early detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in geriatric cats, highlighting their advantages over traditional diagnostic methods. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in senior cats, and is often identified in advanced stages due to reduced sensitivity to markers such as urea and creatinine. These traditional procedures only identify changes when more than 75% of renal function is compromised, restricting early intervention. Contemporary biomarkers, such as symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), cystatin C, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG), and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), have demonstrated increased sensitivity for detecting renal changes in early stages. SDMA is the most promising biomarker, being able to identify declines in kidney function with only a 30% decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In addition, it is not influenced by muscle mass, being perfect for elderly felines. Other indicators, such as cystatin C and the urinary proteins NAG and GGT, enrich the analysis, despite facing constraints related to uniformity and specificity. The use of these biomarkers, combined with laboratory and imaging tests, enhances diagnosis and enables early interventions that increase patients' quality of life and life expectancy. More research is needed on emerging markers such as NGAL and KIM-1 to strengthen their clinical uses in felines. These tools symbolize progress in veterinary medicine, providing greater accuracy and efficiency in treatment.
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