POST-CONCUSSION VESTIBULAR CHANGES

Abstract

Concussion refers to a pathophysiological state resulting from mild traumatic brain injury. It is a functional, non-structural brain injury characterized by changes in brain function after a sudden blow to the cephalic, facial or cervical region. Rotational and acceleration forces, especially in the frontotemporal region and in children, increase the risk of diffuse brain injury. The main causes of concussion include domestic and automobile accidents, falls, sports, and violence. Since the year 2000, there has been a significant increase in the diagnosis of concussion in young people, especially during sports. Concussion is a global public health issue due to its prevalence and for affecting long-term quality of life. It is estimated that up to 1.9 million young athletes suffer concussion annually, of which 50% are concussions in the child population. However, about 10% face prolonged recovery, with possible complications such as post-traumatic migraine and neurocognitive deficits. Common symptoms include headache, disorientation, dizziness, vertigo, body imbalance and memory changes, and the affected brain region is closely related to clinical manifestations. Diagnosis in children is challenging, as many symptoms may be subtle or underestimated. Initial treatment involves adequate sleep, physical and cognitive rest for 24 to 48 hours, followed by a gradual, individualized return. Evaluation of the vestibular system is essential, as about 25% of pediatric dizziness cases are associated with post-concussion. Rehabilitation of vestibular function, with personalized exercises, is recommended for patients with persistent symptoms. Management should be multidisciplinary at all stages of clinical evolution, with attentive, qualified clinical guidance that considers post-concussion vestibular changes.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.56238/sevened2024.031-053