Treatment for hypoplastic left heart syndrome: A literature review
Abstract
Introduction: Hypoplasia of the left ventricle is identified as extremely reduced dimensions of the cardiac structures of the left side, including the left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic annulus and ascending aorta. It is a fatal and difficult to treat disease and its surgical correction is not yet possible, however, palliative surgical interventions are currently proposed that should be performed in the first days of life. Objective: To analyze treatments for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Method: This is an integrative review, in the sense that this study adopted the criteria of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A search was conducted in the following databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline/Pubmed) and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS). Result and Discussion: Based on the aspect of eligibility for the review, 8 articles were selected. According to them, hypoplasia of the left heart continues to be the main serious congenital cardiac anomaly, even with the reduction in mortality. Regarding postnatal treatment, there has been an evolution in the immediate management at birth in the preservation of the clinical condition, with the use of prostaglandin E1 and vasoactive drugs. In this context, the initial Norwood-Sano technique started to have a lower risk, and consequently a higher survival rate in this phase. Conclusion: It is verified that surgical procedures are still considered gold standards for the care of this patient, however, prenatal cardiac interventions are promising treatment options and, as well as stem cell therapy, provide important clues for the application of new approaches.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Augusto Hipólito Chagas Freato, Pedro Guilherme Coutinho Ribeiro, Kaline dos Santos Kishishita Castro, Filipe Bochensky Siqueira, Josimar Cunha Rodrigues Junior, Beatriz Furtado Ferro, Camila Coelho Chaves Gaspar, José Kleber de FigueiredoAuthor(s)
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Augusto Hipólito Chagas Freato
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Pedro Guilherme Coutinho Ribeiro
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Kaline dos Santos Kishishita Castro
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Filipe Bochensky Siqueira
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Josimar Cunha Rodrigues Junior
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Beatriz Furtado Ferro
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Camila Coelho Chaves Gaspar
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José Kleber de Figueiredo