HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS FOR MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF THE LARYNX, LIP, ORAL CAVITY, AND PHARYNX IN BRAZIL: A TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS (2018–2024)

Resumo

Objective: To analyze hospital morbidity due to malignant neoplasms of the larynx, lip, oral cavity, and pharynx in Brazil, highlighting temporal trends, sociodemographic profile, and impacts on health systems between 2018 and 2024. Methodology: Ecological epidemiological study of time series with an analytical approach, based on data from the Hospital Information System of the SUS (SIH/SUS) made available by DATASUS. Variables such as number of hospitalizations, deaths, age group, gender, hospital costs, and average value per hospitalization were evaluated. The analysis was complemented by a literature review in the PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar and Elsevier databases. Results: In the period analyzed, lip, oral cavity and pharyngeal neoplasms corresponded to 67.57% of hospitalizations, while laryngeal neoplasms accounted for 32.43%. There was a male predominance (77.38% of hospitalizations and 79.52% of deaths), with a higher concentration of cases among individuals aged 50 to 69 years. Mortality was higher in neoplasms of the lip, oral cavity and pharynx (71.54% of deaths). The highest number of deaths occurred in 2023, while 2020 had the lowest rate, possibly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Hospital costs were high, with a progressive growth in the average value per hospitalization over the years, reaching an increase of 11.61%. Conclusion: The data reveal a worrying panorama regarding the incidence, mortality, and financial impact of malignant neoplasms of the larynx, lip, oral cavity, and pharynx in Brazil. The need for public policies aimed at prevention, early diagnosis and qualified access to treatment is reinforced, especially for the most at-risk groups.