SUSTAINABLE APPROACHES IN POLYMERIC NANOCOMPOSITES REINFORCED BY METAL OXIDES

Abstract

Polymeric nanocomposites have aroused considerable academic and industrial interest due to their unique properties and applicability in several areas of chemistry, biotechnology and materials engineering. Their applications vary depending on the type of polymers, fillers, and incorporation method being used. However, many of its raw materials and ways of obtaining it are not sustainable. In this context, biodegradable nanocomposites, those obtained from renewable sources and those that incorporate metal oxides produced by the green route emerge as a promising alternative by bringing together improved properties, economic viability and high potential to contribute as a new technology to society, without harmfully compromising environmental resources and future generations. This review aims to analyze studies that portray these more sustainable forms of polymer-based materials and metal oxide nanoparticles. Thus, in addition to the materials chosen by various study groups, the most relevant preparation methods and characterization techniques in this context are discussed. The main properties and applications of these nanocomposites in various areas are also explored, including electronics, medicine, water treatment and purification methods, coatings, catalysts, sensors, solar cells, and energy storage devices. Finally, by addressing the future perspectives and challenges to be overcome for the widespread adoption of these materials, it is concluded that sustainable polymeric nanocomposites reinforced by metal oxides have great potential in several areas of the industry due to their improved mechanical, thermal and functional properties. However, its widespread adoption still faces significant challenges, especially related to the compatibility between the matrix and the booster, high production costs, complexity in processing and scaling, in addition to the urgent need to assess environmental and toxicological impacts to develop specific standards and legislation. Overcoming these barriers is possible, but it will require continuous advances in research and collaboration between academia, industry, and regulatory bodies, ratifying the relevance of this review.