THE IMPORTANCE OF VITAMIN A DURING EARLY LIFE AND THE IMPACT ON INFANT MORTALITY

Abstract

The Under-Five Mortality Rate (MMR5) measures the number of deaths per thousand live births in this age group, reflecting aspects such as malnutrition and quality of maternal and child health care. Despite global efforts, the 5MWR is still high in developing countries, and about 48.1 million deaths are projected in this population by 2030. In Brazil, the 5MMR presents a worrying situation due to its slower reduction in recent years, with a high occurrence of deaths from preventable diseases. Vitamin A (VA) is essential for the immune system, cell development, and maintenance of the body. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) mainly affects pregnant women, newborns and children under five years of age, and can cause blindness, infections and congenital malformations. Globally, millions of children and pregnant women suffer from VAD, which negatively impacts child growth and survival. In Brazil, the prevalence of VAD is significant, with 10 to 20% of children at risk, and it is a moderate to severe public health issue. Measures are carried out at the government level, such as the promotion of breastfeeding, supplementation and food enrichment. However, few studies report the impact of the consumption of fortified foods in the country, there are controversies regarding the effectiveness of supplementation in the long term, especially after childbirth, and breastfeeding remains insufficient, factors that contribute to the permanence of VAD. It is essential to improve the maternal and child care system in Brazil to reduce infant morbidity and mortality, especially in the most vulnerable populations. The adequacy of the VA, both for the mother and the baby, is essential to ensure health during the first years of life.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.56238/sevened2024.028-005