POTABILITY OF GROUNDWATER IN ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS IN THE INTERIOR OF MARANHÃO: A CASE STUDY IN CODÓ-MA

Abstract

The quality of water intended for human consumption is one of the main determinants of public health, especially in rural communities with limited access to basic sanitation. This study evaluated the potability of water from three types of wells (cacimba, artesian and cacimbão) located in the village of Matões dos Moreiras, in the municipality of Codó, Maranhão. Physicochemical, microbiological and sensory analyses were carried out, based on the parameters established by Ordinance GM/MS No. 888/2021. The results revealed multiple non-conformities in relation to the maximum allowed values for several parameters, such as total hardness, turbidity, apparent color, presence of chromium, iron and absence of residual chlorine. The microbiological analysis showed the presence of total coliforms in all samples and the detection of Escherichia coli in two of the three wells evaluated, indicating recent fecal contamination and compromised water safety. The sensory characterization also revealed odor outside the acceptability standards, especially in the bucket well, with averages higher than the allowed limit. The presence of sulfur compounds, iron and manganese may explain part of the odors detected. These results highlight the sanitary vulnerability of groundwater sources used by the local population and point to the need for structural interventions, continuous disinfection and regular monitoring of water quality. The study reinforces the importance of public policies aimed at community water management, basic sanitation and equitable access to drinking water in rural areas, contributing to the reduction of water risks and promotion of environmental health.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56238/sevened2025.021-020