CHALLENGES OF THE NATIONAL VACCINATION PROGRAM IN BRAZIL

Abstract

The National Immunization Program (PNI), created in 1973, is a world reference in Brazilian public health, having been fundamental for the control and eradication of diseases such as smallpox and polio. However, since 2015, Brazil has faced a worrying drop in vaccination coverage, threatening historic achievements and public health. This article analyzes the main challenges faced by the PNI, based on a narrative review of the literature and official documents. The results point to factors such as vaccine hesitancy driven by misinformation on social networks, regional inequalities in access to services, the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the weakening of public vaccination campaigns. Given this scenario, strengthening the PNI requires intersectoral actions, investments in health education, combating fake news, expanding access to services, and the use of vaccine tracking technologies. The recovery of the population's confidence and the prioritization of immunization as a state policy are fundamental to ensure collective protection and health sovereignty in the country.