EXPLORING ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY (EEG): HANDS-ON ACTIVITIES IN THE LABORATORY

Abstract

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive neurophysiological technique that measures the electrical activity of the brain through electrodes on the scalp, and is widely used in scientific research and clinical diagnosis. This article describes the methodology for the use of EEG, addressing its main components, such as electrodes, amplifiers and analysis software, as well as the protocols of good practice for data collection and processing. The technique offers high temporal resolution, crucial for studies on cognitive functions and responses to stimuli. Despite its limitations, such as low spatial resolution and sensitivity to artifacts, EEG stands out for its accessibility and applicability in clinical and experimental studies. Examples of its application include the analysis of event-related potentials (ERPs) and the investigation of functional connectivity between cortical areas, contributing to the understanding of neural networks and their relationship with cognitive and emotional processes. The advantages and challenges associated with EEG are discussed, highlighting its relevance as an essential tool in neurosciences.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56238/sevened2024.035-004