STAGES OF A PERIODONTAL CLINICAL EXAMINATION: FROM ANAMNESIS TO DIAGNOSIS

Abstract

Introduction: The treatment of periodontal diseases can be a challenge that primarily requires a correct diagnosis. For this, basic parameters must be analyzed and basic steps followed. Objective: The objective of this literature review was to develop a booklet/guide on the important aspects to be evaluated during the periodontal clinical examination. Materials and methods: A search was performed in the Pubmed/Medline database with the keywords clinical examination, dentistry; importance of clinical examination, parameters, clinical periodontal examination, periodontitis, anamnesis, dentistry, diagnosis of periodontal disease. We included 26 studies comprising clinical studies, literature reviews, and book chapters that presented guidelines and guidelines on periodontal clinical diagnosis. Results: The studies showed that a detailed anamnesis followed by extraoral clinical examination, intraoral and periodontal examination is essential for an assertive diagnosis. During periodontal examination, parameters such as probing depth, gingival margin, clinical attachment level, probing bleeding, mobility, and furcation exposure should be evaluated. Marginal bleeding index and plaque index can inform the presence of gingival inflammation and quality of oral hygiene, respectively. Periapical radiographs may be requested as a complementary exam when appropriate. Conclusion: The need for a complete periodontal and radiographic clinical examination combined with information collected during the anamnesis are the pillars to define the presence or absence of periodontitis and its level of progression.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56238/sevened2024.034-004