INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE: DEFINITION, CLASSIFICATION, AND INTERVENTION STRATEGIES
Abstract
Intellectual disability is characterized by significant limitations in intellectual and adaptive functioning, affecting a substantial part of the global population, with an estimated prevalence between 1% and 3%, being higher in men and in developing countries. The concept has evolved from a simplistic view to a more comprehensive approach, considering both cognitive deficits and adaptive challenges. The etiology of the condition is multifactorial, with genetic and environmental causes, and diagnosis is based on IQ tests and adaptive behavior assessments. It is classified as mild, moderate, severe and profound. This systematic review article examines definitions, classifications, etiologies, and lifelong interventions of people with intellectual disabilities. It includes studies published between 2000 and 2024, in English or Portuguese, in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and SciELO databases. Data analysis will be qualitative and, where applicable, will include meta-analysis, using specific tools to assess the quality of studies. Interventions for intellectual disability involve a multidisciplinary approach, with an emphasis on behavioral strategies and family support, in addition to the management of comorbidities. The review highlighted the need for early and ongoing interventions to improve the quality of life for individuals and their families, as well as the importance of targeted public policies. It also identified gaps in the literature, especially regarding the variability of studies, suggesting the need for more robust research for the development of effective management strategies.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Cristiane del Corsso, Laenne Ágata Valentim, Edilson Misael Guimarães, Ana Raisa Salles Bezerra, Maria Noeme Cruz Landim Sampaio, Marco Antonio Baijo, Guilherme Salermo, Gustavo Tripanon, Felipe da Silva Alvarenga Guimarães, Iolanda Leonel de Melo AlvesAuthor(s)
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Cristiane del Corsso
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Laenne Ágata Valentim
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Edilson Misael Guimarães
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Ana Raisa Salles Bezerra
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Maria Noeme Cruz Landim Sampaio
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Marco Antonio Baijo
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Guilherme Salermo
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Gustavo Tripanon
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Felipe da Silva Alvarenga Guimarães
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Iolanda Leonel de Melo Alves