THE EVOLUTION OF PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALS IN BRAZIL: AN EXPERIENCE REPORT
Abstract
This paper addresses the evolution of Brazilian psychiatric hospitals, from their origin during the colonial period to the challenges faced in contemporary times. The history of these institutions, marked by inhumane practices and the emergence of mental health policies, is contextualized. The problematization lies in the ineffectiveness of hospitals, influenced by the lack of integration between health policies and human rights, and by the persistence of a prison approach. The general objective of this work is to understand the applicable legislation and its implications in psychiatric hospitals, as well as to identify challenges and future perspectives. Its specific objectives are: a) To present the main sources for research on the subject; b) Discuss the need for specialized multidisciplinary teams and humanization in psychiatric hospital environments. To this end, it conducts a bibliographic and documentary review (technical pillar), under the Giftedean neoperspectivist paradigm (epistemological pillar) and hypothetical-deductive reasoning (logical pillar). The results highlight legal advances, such as the Psychiatric Reform Law and the Psychosocial Rehabilitation Assistance, but also point to challenges, such as overcrowding and lack of investment. In the discussion, the need for a more humanized and integrated approach is emphasized, in addition to the importance of deinstitutionalization and social reintegration. It is concluded that, in order to promote an effective transformation in the mental health care model, investments in public policies, professional training and strengthening of the psychosocial care network are necessary, ensuring respect for the rights and dignity of people with mental disorders.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 Álaze Gabriel do Breviário, Sônia Maria Dias, Denise Oliveira da Rosa, Adriana Cunha Macedo, Luiz Cláudio Locatelli Ventura, Luiz Eduardo de Oliveira Neves, Ana Paula Lisboa Ferreira Levy, Flávia Adriana Santos Rebello, Annielle Mendes Brito da Silva, Thaiana Mansur Botelho de Carvalho Mendonça, Isa Sara Pereira Rego, Islane Cristina MartinsAuthor(s)
-
Álaze Gabriel do Breviário
-
Sônia Maria Dias
-
Denise Oliveira da Rosa
-
Adriana Cunha Macedo
-
Luiz Cláudio Locatelli Ventura
-
Luiz Eduardo de Oliveira Neves
-
Ana Paula Lisboa Ferreira Levy
-
Flávia Adriana Santos Rebello
-
Annielle Mendes Brito da Silva
-
Thaiana Mansur Botelho de Carvalho Mendonça
-
Isa Sara Pereira Rego
-
Islane Cristina Martins