Streptococcus pyogenes: A review of the combination of virulence and versatility

Abstract

Streptococcus pyogenes is also known as group A β-hemolytic streptococcus (SAG). Man is its only reservoir in nature, and is found asymptomatically colonizing the skin, mucous membranes of the throat, nose, nasopharynx, anus, and scalp. This bacterium affects more children, adolescents and the elderly due to poor hygiene, low immunity and secondary infections. It also has the ability to cause various forms of clinical infections and post-infectious sequelae, the most common being streptococcal pharyngitis. The main virulence factors presented by S. pyogenes are adhesion; hyaluronic acid capsule; M protein; DNAse, C5a peptidase, hyaluronidase and streptokinase enzymes; fumed exotoxins; streptolysis. Through the study of these factors it is possible to understand the versatility of this microorganism.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.56238/sevened2024.007-078