Bioethical challenges in the disease of Alzeimer: Autonomy and Independence

Abstract

The aging of the Brazilian population is increasing the incidence of chronic diseases, including dementias such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Studies indicate that AD represents most dementias in Brazil, with risk factors such as advanced age and higher prevalence in women. The case study exemplifies the diagnostic and ethical challenges of AD. Showing forgetfulness and confusion, he denies being sick, attributing the symptoms to stress. Scans show early signs of brain atrophy, but the diagnosis of AD requires ongoing evaluation. The case raises questions about the patient's autonomy and independence, especially in relation to activities such as working and driving. AD progresses from recent memory loss to aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, anosognosia, and eventual total dependence. Autonomy, defined as self-determination and the ability to make choices, is affected gradually. Judicial interdiction may be necessary to protect the patient, especially to avoid urgent decisions. The case highlights the need for ethical and bioethical approaches in the management of AD, emphasizing early diagnosis and family support. It is vital to understand AD not only clinically, but also in the context of the ethical and social implications for patients and families.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.56238/sevened2023.007-052