ADVANCES IN THE TREATMENT OF PARKINSONISM WITH DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION

Resumo

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has established itself as one of the most effective treatments for Parkinson's Disease (PD), especially in patients with motor symptoms refractory to drug therapy. This review article aims to address recent advances in the application of DBS, highlighting technological improvements, clinical efficacy and challenges associated with the technique. Scientific evidence shows that DBS provides significant improvements in motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity and dyskinesias, as well as reducing motor fluctuations related to prolonged levodopa use. Technological advances, such as adaptive devices that adjust stimulation in real time and the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning to personalize treatment, have increased the effectiveness and safety of the technique. In addition, studies have explored alternative brain targets and the early application of DBS in the early stages of PD, with promising results that suggest neuroprotective benefits and a positive impact on non-motor symptoms, such as sleep disorders and depression. However, DBS has limitations, including surgical complications, neuropsychiatric adverse effects and the need for rigorous patient selection. Factors such as the high cost of the procedure and unequal access also pose global challenges, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In conclusion, although DBS is a well-established and promising approach to treating PD, further advances in technology, biomarkers and early application strategies are essential to extend its benefits and make the technique more accessible.