Supplementation for sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease updated literature review

Abstract

Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and strength, common in elderly patients and worsened by the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which has a progressive decrease in the number of nephrons. Anaerobic physical exercise and protein supplementation are important for maintaining strength and muscle mass. Dietary interventions, such as greater protein intake, are essential to preserve and increase muscle mass. Leucine appears to be the most powerful amino acid in stimulating muscle anabolism. Testosterone and L-carnitine supplementation may also be helpful, but there is controversy regarding their use. Omega 3, vitamin D and calcium are supplements that can increase muscle mass and improve muscle function in patients with sarcopenia associated with CKD, but their dosages are still debatable. This review article aims to describe oral supplementation for sarcopenia and the kidney changes that they may cause. In summary, physical activity and protein supplementation are fundamental in the treatment of sarcopenia in patients with CKD.