Protocols and guidelines for the care of respiratory emergencies in children up to two years of age: An integrative review

Resumen

Objective:  To analyze guidelines and protocols for the care of respiratory emergencies in children up to two years of age in the literature. Methodology: this is an integrative review of the literature, using the guidelines of the PRISMA Protocol, the research question was formulated based on the PICo strategy (P – Children up to two years of age, I – Guidelines and protocols for respiratory emergencies, Co-Emergency): What is the evidence available in the literature on the guidelines and protocols for respiratory emergency care in children up to two years of age?  Contemplating the studies published from January 2018 to July 2023, available in full, focusing on protocols for children up to two years of age with no lower age limit, not restricting language, place of origin or method used. Articles found in the databases with the Virtual Health Library (VHL), Cochrane Library. Embase, Pubmed, Scopus, Web Of Science to the use of the RAYYAN® program. Results:  four studies included the sample, including the affirmation of the use of poractant alfa for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome in children under two years of age, with an improvement in the mortality rate of 20.4%. The efficacy and fundamental use of hospital medical materials for the management of the advanced airway and reduction of surgical management is proven, reducing the patient's exposure to unnecessary events. And the use of specific medication for the treatment of cases of anaphylaxis and asthma in the first hour. Continuing education training is essential for team harmony, assertive communication and provision of intensive care in order to reduce damage and possible vital complications leading to death. Final considerations: interventions for the clinical management of pediatric respiratory emergencies should follow the ABCDE evaluation method, considering the specificities of each stage of development (less than 30 days, up to one year, up to two years). The administration of surfactant to children younger than 30 days of age is noteworthy, with the potential to reduce the mortality of infants with severe acute respiratory syndrome, and the rigorous evaluation of the indication for orotracheal intubation.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.56238/sevened2024.005-013