Polyploidy: Perspectives and practical applications for genetic improvement

Abstract

This work explores polyploidy and its significant implications for plant genetic improvement. Polyploidy, which is characterized by the presence of multiple sets of chromosomes, is an essential evolutionary force that impacts the evolution of plant species. This phenomenon is associated with several advantages, such as greater genetic diversity, vigor and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, making it crucial for the development of more productive cultivars adapted to adverse conditions. The study reviews methods of polyploidy induction, including physical, chemical, and biotechnological techniques, and discusses their practical applications, such as in the production of seedless fruits and in increasing biomass. In addition, it addresses the challenges and future prospects, highlighting the need for more research to fully understand its genomic and phenotypic consequences. It is concluded that the exploitation of polyploidy is vital to meet the growing demand for food and face climate change, providing new opportunities in the improvement of several species, including ornamental and medicinal, expanding their economic and ecological potential.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.56238/sevened2024.023-033