ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: DIAGNOSIS, THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION OF THROMBOEMBOLIC COMPLICATIONS IN CARDIAC PATIENTS

Abstract

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmias, often associated with structural heart and lung disease, and is a significant risk factor for thromboembolic complications such as stroke and heart failure. This study aims to review the diagnosis, therapeutic options, and prevention strategies for thromboembolic complications in patients with AF. The research was carried out through a systematic review of the literature, following the PRISMA guidelines, and covers studies published in the last 15 years, extracted from the PubMed, SciELO, and Web of Science databases. The diagnosis of AF is predominantly performed by electrocardiogram, which allows the identification of irregularity and high frequency of ventricular activity. Therapeutic management includes control of heart rhythm and rate, with the use of antiarrhythmic drugs, beta-blockers, and direct oral anticoagulants (ACODs). The choice of treatment is personalized, considering the clinical form of AF and the risk factors of each patient. Anticoagulation plays a crucial role in preventing thromboembolism, especially in patients at high risk of stroke. In addition to pharmacological treatments, non-pharmacological approaches such as electrical cardioversion and ablation may be indicated in certain cases. Adherence to treatment and continuous monitoring are essential to reduce complications and improve the quality of life of patients. This study also discusses the challenges and current guidelines for the effective management of AF.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56238/sevened2024.037-177