Role of the glycemic load profile on the dietary and cardiometabolic responses to an interdisciplinary weight loss program in women with obesity
Abstract
Background: “Ready-to-eat” or ultra-processed foods are commonly rich in refined sugar, sodium, energy density, saturated and trans fats, glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL). Their consumption is strongly associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS). Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of an interdisciplinary weight loss program on women with obesity with an initially high versus low GL diet. Methods: 36 women with obesity and ages between 20 and 45 years old were enrolled in 12-week therapy, combining clinical, nutritional, physical exercise and educational eating. Body composition, quality, GL of diet, and metabolic profile were analyzed. Results: The volunteers were classified in two groups: 16 in moderate-elevate GL (ME-GL) group and 20 in the low GL (L-GL) group. The therapy promoted a significant reduction in the body composition parameters, including an increase in fat-free mass and resting metabolic rate (RMR) in the L-GL group, added to an increase in percentage of protein consumption. There was a drop in the value of HOMA-IR, and after therapy, 100% of the volunteers in the ME-GL group no longer had a MS, as well as 95% of the volunteers in the L-GL group. Besides that, cholesterol levels were adjusted, and consumption of sodium decreased, reducing the risk for hypertension and cardiometabolic diseases. Conclusions: The interdisciplinary weight loss program showed to be effective on improvement of body composition, insulin resistance, on the treatment of MS, and a greater improvement in lipids profile, preventing cardiometabolic risks in a sample of women with obesity.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Carolina Kim Shiba, Raquel Munhoz da Silveira Campos, Samantha Ottani Rhein, Paola Próspero Machado, Lila Missae Oyama, Lian Tock, Gabriela Iervolino Oliveira, Ana Raimunda Dâmaso